{"id":108,"date":"2014-12-08T19:40:00","date_gmt":"2014-12-08T19:40:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/pages.palomar.edu\/bkiehl\/?page_id=108"},"modified":"2024-01-12T02:17:54","modified_gmt":"2024-01-12T02:17:54","slug":"philosophy-113","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/pages.palomar.edu\/bkiehl\/10-2\/philosophy-113\/","title":{"rendered":"Phil 113"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"entry-content\">\n<div class=\"entry-content\">\n<h2><strong>Reasoning About Philosophical Issues<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>What If, What Is, What Is Not<\/strong><\/h2>\n<h3>Professor Kiehl\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Spring Semester 2024<\/h3>\n<h4>Philosophical questions frequently arise when we are faced with change that greatly affects our lives. \u00a0We become uneasy about the future, and wonder \u201cwhat if\u2026?\u201d In pondering such \u201cwhat ifs\u201d, philosophers are brought to the fuzzy edges of what is and what is not. \u00a0Fuzzy edges are there because the philosopher must also face what can be and what cannot be, what should be and what should not be. Opposing views to philosophical questions create philosophical issues, to which the dialectical method must be applied. Dialectic uses argument and counterargument to examine and explore philosophical issues.\u00a0 The goal of this method is to discover the truth of the matter. In this course we will examine various arguments that have been given in this dialectical exchange to determine whether they are based on sound reasoning.<\/h4>\n<h4>The recent coronavirus pandemic has changed lives by causing death, economic hardship, and the loss of personal freedom. Globally, we are experiencing the effects of climate change. Closer to home, we are confronting the effects of the Dobbs decision. Although the wars in Ukraine and the Gaza strip are miles away, they too affect us and raise moral issues.\u00a0 Whether it be disease, global warming, abortion, or war, death seeps into our thoughts raising an age-old philosophical question: what is morally right? In exploring this, other questions arise: is it rational to fear death? what is the meaning of life, do we have free will? \u00a0Underlying these questions is the question of personhood: what is it that fears, finds meaning, makes choices and wills itself to act?<\/h4>\n<h4>Required Textbook<br \/>\nSteven Cahn, <em>Exploring Philosophy: An Introductory Anthology<\/em>, 7th ed., New York: OUP, 2021<\/h4>\n<\/div>\n<h2><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/pages.palomar.edu\/bkiehl\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/18\/2022\/03\/8FB89CED-BD6C-4F94-82AC-4F44F64BC191.jpeg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-266\" src=\"https:\/\/pages.palomar.edu\/bkiehl\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/18\/2022\/03\/8FB89CED-BD6C-4F94-82AC-4F44F64BC191-210x300.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"210\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pages.palomar.edu\/bkiehl\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/18\/2022\/03\/8FB89CED-BD6C-4F94-82AC-4F44F64BC191-210x300.jpeg 210w, https:\/\/pages.palomar.edu\/bkiehl\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/18\/2022\/03\/8FB89CED-BD6C-4F94-82AC-4F44F64BC191-716x1024.jpeg 716w, https:\/\/pages.palomar.edu\/bkiehl\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/18\/2022\/03\/8FB89CED-BD6C-4F94-82AC-4F44F64BC191-768x1098.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/pages.palomar.edu\/bkiehl\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/18\/2022\/03\/8FB89CED-BD6C-4F94-82AC-4F44F64BC191.jpeg 1049w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 210px) 100vw, 210px\" \/><\/a><\/strong><\/h2>\n<div class=\"entry-content\">\n<p>This course fulfills a critical thinking requirement for Gen Ed and CSU Gen Ed.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h2><\/h2>\n<h2><\/h2>\n<h2><\/h2>\n<h2><\/h2>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>The Peculiar, The Pandemic, &amp; Pandemonium<\/strong><\/h2>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center\">Professor Kiehl\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Spring Semester 2022<\/h3>\n<h4>In the fall of 2019, a novel virus was detected.\u00a0 By the spring of 2020, this coronavirus became a pandemic, shuttering the world, causing death, economic hardship, and the loss of personal freedom.\u00a0 As we suffer through this pandemic, resistance to the paternalistic public health regulations enacted to prevent the spread of disease is evident. Opposition to getting a vaccine is often expressed by \u201cI have a right to choose what to do with my own body.\u201d Opposition to wearing a mask is often accompanied by the claim \u201cI am not afraid to die.\u201d This latter claim is our starting point as we examine and explore these philosophical issues: is it\u00a0rational to fear death, what is the meaning of life, do persons have free will, and if so, from what must they be free?\u00a0 Finally, we turn to what fears, finds meaning, makes choices and wills itself to act. About this, we ask, &#8220;what is a person?&#8221;<\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center\">Required Textbook<br \/>\nSteven Cahn, <em>Exploring Philosophy: An Introductory Anthology<\/em>, 7th ed., New York: OUP, 2021<\/h4>\n<\/div>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/pages.palomar.edu\/bkiehl\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/18\/2022\/03\/8FB89CED-BD6C-4F94-82AC-4F44F64BC191.jpeg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-266\" src=\"https:\/\/pages.palomar.edu\/bkiehl\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/18\/2022\/03\/8FB89CED-BD6C-4F94-82AC-4F44F64BC191-210x300.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"210\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pages.palomar.edu\/bkiehl\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/18\/2022\/03\/8FB89CED-BD6C-4F94-82AC-4F44F64BC191-210x300.jpeg 210w, https:\/\/pages.palomar.edu\/bkiehl\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/18\/2022\/03\/8FB89CED-BD6C-4F94-82AC-4F44F64BC191-716x1024.jpeg 716w, https:\/\/pages.palomar.edu\/bkiehl\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/18\/2022\/03\/8FB89CED-BD6C-4F94-82AC-4F44F64BC191-768x1098.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/pages.palomar.edu\/bkiehl\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/18\/2022\/03\/8FB89CED-BD6C-4F94-82AC-4F44F64BC191.jpeg 1049w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 210px) 100vw, 210px\" \/><\/a><\/strong><\/h2>\n<div class=\"entry-content\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">This course fulfills a critical thinking requirement for Gen Ed and CSU Gen Ed.<\/p>\n<h4><\/h4>\n<\/div>\n<h2><\/h2>\n<h2><\/h2>\n<h2><\/h2>\n<h2><\/h2>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center\"><strong><br \/>\nReasoning About Philosophical Issues<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong><span style=\"color: #0000ff\">Pandemic &amp; Personal Freedom<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center\">Professor Kiehl\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Spring Semester 2021<\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">By the spring of 2020, the novel coronavirus became a pandemic, shuttering the world, causing death, economic hardship, and the loss of personal freedom.\u00a0 <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">As we suffer through this pandemic, resistance to the paternalistic public health regulations enacted to prevent the spread of disease is evident. Opposition to wearing a mask is often accompanied by the claim \u201cI am not afraid to die.\u201d This claim is our starting point as we examine and explore philosophical issues <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\">such as: what is a person, what is the difference between negative and positive freedom, do persons have free will, and if so, from what must they be free?\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/pages.palomar.edu\/bkiehl\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/18\/2020\/07\/113.jpg\" alt=\"Textbook Image\" \/><\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center\">Required Textbook<br \/>\nSteven Cahn, <em>Exploring Philosophy: An Introductory Anthology<\/em>, 6th ed., New York: OUP, 2018.<\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">This course fulfills a critical thinking requirement for Gen Ed and CSU Gen Ed.<\/p>\n<h4><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center\">****************************************************************************<\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>Reasoning About Philosophical Issues<br \/>\n<\/strong><span style=\"color: #ff6600;font-size: 16px\">Ok, Boomers!<\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center\">Professor Kiehl \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Spring Semester\u00a02020<\/h4>\n<p>In 2019 the \u201cOK, Boomer\u201d meme went viral. Yet the social problems that challenged the Boomers, also challenge today\u2019s Millennials and Generation Z.\u00a0 This class will explore whether the underlying philosophical issues of these social problems have changed since the Boomer generation.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pages.palomar.edu\/bkiehl\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/18\/2020\/07\/113.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-243\" src=\"https:\/\/pages.palomar.edu\/bkiehl\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/18\/2020\/07\/113.jpg\" alt=\"Textbook Image\" width=\"132\" height=\"160\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center\">Required Textbook<br \/>\nSteven Cahn, <em>Exploring Philosophy: An Introductory Anthology<\/em>, 6th ed., New York: OUP, 2018.<\/h4>\n<h4><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>Reasoning About Philosophical Issues<br \/>\n<\/strong><strong style=\"font-size: 1.2em\">Machines, Morality, and Mortality<\/strong><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center\">Professor Kiehl\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Fall Semester\u00a02018<\/h4>\n<blockquote><p>This\u00a0course\u00a0examines\u00a0our willingness to outsource moral decisions to machines with artificial intelligence, our willingness to have end of life options, our\u00a0willingness to plan families. We will explore what this willingness tells us about ourselves, our views of mortality, our status as persons, and moral agency in general.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: center\">This course\u00a0fulfills a\u00a0critical thinking requirement for <a title=\"For Gen Ed Credit\" href=\"https:\/\/pages.palomar.edu\/bkiehl\/for-gen-ed-credit\/\">Gen Ed <\/a>and <a title=\"For CSU GE Credit\" href=\"https:\/\/pages.palomar.edu\/bkiehl\/for-csu-ge-credit\/\">CSU Gen Ed<\/a>.<\/h5>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>Reasoning About Philosophical Issues<br \/>\n<\/strong><strong style=\"font-size: 1.2em\">Intuitions, Bots, and Mortality<\/strong><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center\">Professor Kiehl\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Spring Semester\u00a02018<\/h4>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">This\u00a0course\u00a0examines\u00a0our willingness to outsource moral decisions to machines with artificial intelligence. As we become accustomed to self-driving vehicles, bots ordering\u00a0 products,\u00a0drones delivering\u00a0packages, and robots with AI competing for jobs once solely\u00a0held by humans, we should reflect on\u00a0what this means for humanity. We will explore what this willingness tells us about ourselves, our views of mortality, our status as persons and moral agency in general.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: center\">This course\u00a0fulfills a\u00a0critical thinking requirement for <a title=\"For Gen Ed Credit\" href=\"https:\/\/pages.palomar.edu\/bkiehl\/for-gen-ed-credit\/\">Gen Ed <\/a>and <a title=\"For CSU GE Credit\" href=\"https:\/\/pages.palomar.edu\/bkiehl\/for-csu-ge-credit\/\">CSU Gen Ed<\/a>.<\/h5>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center\"><span style=\"color: #1c995a\"><strong>Reasoning About Philosophical Issues<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>Death, Freedom, and Persons<\/strong><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center\">Professor Kiehl\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Fall Semester\u00a02017\u00a0<span style=\"color: #5b115c\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">This course begins with the recent news of a young newlywed with terminal brain cancer who decided to end her life under Oregon&#8217;s Death with Dignity Act.\u00a0 After a brief examination of\u00a0arguments\u00a0relating to\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0the value of death and the meaning of life, we explore\u00a0the philosophical\u00a0issues of immortality, personal identity,\u00a0 and free will.<\/p>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: center\">This course\u00a0fulfills a\u00a0critical thinking requirement for <a title=\"For Gen Ed Credit\" href=\"https:\/\/pages.palomar.edu\/bkiehl\/for-gen-ed-credit\/\">Gen Ed <\/a>and <a title=\"For CSU GE Credit\" href=\"https:\/\/pages.palomar.edu\/bkiehl\/for-csu-ge-credit\/\">CSU Gen Ed<\/a>.<\/h6>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"book_cover\" src=\"https:\/\/global.oup.com\/academic\/covers\/pdp\/9780190204419\" alt=\"Cover\" width=\"180\" height=\"259\" \/><\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center\">*********<\/h4>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: center\"><\/h6>\n<table style=\"border: currentColor;border-collapse: collapse\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 0in 5.4pt;border: 1pt solid windowtext;width: 54.9pt\" valign=\"top\" width=\"73\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium;border-style: solid solid solid none;border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext currentColor;padding: 0in 5.4pt;width: 423.9pt\" valign=\"top\" width=\"565\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;border-style: none solid solid;border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;width: 54.9pt\" valign=\"top\" width=\"73\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;border-style: none solid solid none;border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext currentColor;padding: 0in 5.4pt;width: 423.9pt\" valign=\"top\" width=\"565\">\n<p style=\"line-height: normal;margin-bottom: 0pt\">\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;border-style: none solid solid;border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;width: 54.9pt\" valign=\"top\" width=\"73\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;border-style: none solid solid none;border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext currentColor;padding: 0in 5.4pt;width: 423.9pt\" valign=\"top\" width=\"565\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;border-style: none solid solid;border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;width: 54.9pt\" valign=\"top\" width=\"73\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;border-style: none solid solid none;border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext currentColor;padding: 0in 5.4pt;width: 423.9pt\" valign=\"top\" width=\"565\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;border-style: none solid solid;border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;width: 54.9pt\" valign=\"top\" width=\"73\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;border-style: none solid solid none;border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext currentColor;padding: 0in 5.4pt;width: 423.9pt\" valign=\"top\" width=\"565\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;border-style: none solid solid;border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;width: 54.9pt\" valign=\"top\" width=\"73\">\n<p style=\"line-height: normal;margin-bottom: 0pt\">\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;border-style: none solid solid none;border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext currentColor;padding: 0in 5.4pt;width: 423.9pt\" valign=\"top\" width=\"565\">\n<p style=\"line-height: normal;margin-bottom: 0pt\">\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;border-style: none solid solid;border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;width: 54.9pt\" valign=\"top\" width=\"73\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;border-style: none solid solid none;border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext currentColor;padding: 0in 5.4pt;width: 423.9pt\" valign=\"top\" width=\"565\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;border-style: none solid solid;border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;width: 54.9pt\" valign=\"top\" width=\"73\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;border-style: none solid solid none;border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext currentColor;padding: 0in 5.4pt;width: 423.9pt\" valign=\"top\" width=\"565\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;border-style: none solid solid;border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;width: 54.9pt\" valign=\"top\" width=\"73\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;border-style: none solid solid none;border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext currentColor;padding: 0in 5.4pt;width: 423.9pt\" valign=\"top\" width=\"565\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;border-style: none solid solid;border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;width: 54.9pt\" valign=\"top\" width=\"73\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;border-style: none solid solid none;border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext currentColor;padding: 0in 5.4pt;width: 423.9pt\" valign=\"top\" width=\"565\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;border-style: none solid solid;border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;width: 54.9pt\" valign=\"top\" width=\"73\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;border-style: none solid solid none;border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext currentColor;padding: 0in 5.4pt;width: 423.9pt\" valign=\"top\" width=\"565\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;border-style: none solid solid;border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;width: 54.9pt\" valign=\"top\" width=\"73\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;border-style: none solid solid none;border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext currentColor;padding: 0in 5.4pt;width: 423.9pt\" valign=\"top\" width=\"565\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;border-style: none solid solid;border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;width: 54.9pt\" valign=\"top\" width=\"73\">\n<p style=\"line-height: normal;margin-bottom: 0pt\">\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;border-style: none solid solid none;border-color: currentColor windowtext windowtext currentColor;padding: 0in 5.4pt;width: 423.9pt\" valign=\"top\" width=\"565\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #5b115c\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Reasoning About Philosophical Issues What If, What Is, What Is Not Professor Kiehl\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Spring &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/pages.palomar.edu\/bkiehl\/10-2\/philosophy-113\/\">Continue reading 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